![]() These are called “visual headings” and are used by sighted readers to help understand the organization of a document and allows them to quickly skip to different parts of a document. Formatting options include larger text, bold, italic or underlined text, different colors, different fonts or a combination of any of these. Sighted users do instinctively understand the need to add headings – many long documents are filled with chunks of differently formatted text which indicate a new topic. Examples of how formatting changes are used to indicate topic changes or sections within a document. The image below shows a set of headings within a Word document about the mountain laurel (the state flower of Pennsylvania). Semantic headings create a “clickable table of contents” for a document which can be extracted in a screen reader. ![]() Yet it’s one of the guidelines that is hard for many sighted users to conceptualize. ![]() Inserting “Semantic headings” into documents is one of the most important accessibility guidelines for those who use screen reader software applications.
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